Wood carving is a form of artistic expression that involves creating patterns, ornaments, or figures on wooden objects through carving and hollowing techniques. The motifs created by these hollows and protrusions are often called reliefs.

Characteristics and Creation Process
Relief carvings have a wide variety of themes and depend entirely on the creativity of the carver (artist). Some common themes include:

• Nature: Plants, animal figures, and landscapes.
• Figurative: Human forms or mythological figures.
• Abstract: Geometric patterns, beautiful curves, or motifs inspired by unique shapes, such as embers.

The tools used in the carving process are relatively simple yet essential. Besides hammers, saws, and planers (sharpeners), the most crucial tools are chisels of various shapes and sizes.

A Brief History and Application
Although carving has developed across various Southeast Asian civilizations, the heritage of carving in Indonesia has deep historical roots. In comparison, the carving tradition in the Malay region is estimated to have flourished for over 500 years. People in regions such as Malacca, Kelantan, and Negeri Sembilan, for example, have long used this carving art to create traditional ornaments and decorations, especially in palaces (keraton). Wood carving continues to develop rapidly and is applied to various functional and decorative objects, including:

• Architecture: Gatehouses and traditional house ornaments.
• Furniture: Cupboards, beds, chairs, and tables.
• Traditional Equipment: Weapons, traditional and modern musical instruments, and components of traditional transportation such as boats and ox carts.

Wood Carving Centers in Indonesia
Wood carving art is spread across various regions in Indonesia, but one of the most famous craft centers is Jepara, Central Java. This city is known for its wood carvings, particularly those made from teak. Jepara's woodcarvers have produced a variety of high-quality works with beautiful motifs, making Indonesian woodcraft famous internationally.